5???? Linux ?й?????????????????????????
???????????? ???????[ 2015/11/11 15:15:35 ] ??????????????
???????????? Linux ?????????????????????л?????????????????????????????????????????????????? Linux ????????????????????????????????????Ч???? Linux ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????á?
?? Linux ?й??????????????????
????????????? Linux С??????????????£?
??????????? 10 ?????? Linux ?????м???
??????????????У??????????????? 5 ????????????????????????ɡ?
????Linux ?е????????
?????? Linux ?У???н??????????豸?????????????????????????
????Linux ????????в?????????
????????????????????????????????????????????鵵??????
?????豸????????????????????????
?????????????????洢?豸???豸???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? Linux ??????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????н?????
????1. ?? ‘file’ ??????????????
?????????????????????? file ??????????????????????????????? file ???????????????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ dir
????BACKUP master.zip
????crossroads-stable.tar.gz num.txt
????EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3 reggea.xspf
????Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif tmp-link
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file BACKUP/
????BACKUP/: directory
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file master.zip
????master.zip: Zip archive data?? at least v1.0 to extract
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file crossroads-stable.tar.gz
????crossroads-stable.tar.gz: gzip compressed data?? from Unix?? last modified: Tue Apr 5 15:15:20 2011
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif
????Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif: GIF image data?? version 89a?? 200 x 259
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3
????EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3: Audio file with ID3 version 2.3.0?? contains: MPEG ADTS?? layer III?? v1?? 192 kbps?? 44.1 kHz?? JntStereo
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file /dev/sda1
????/dev/sda1: block special
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ file /dev/tty1
????/dev/tty1: character special
????2. ?? ‘ls’ ?? ‘dir’ ??????????????
?????????????????????????? ls ?? dir ?????????????????
?????? ls -l ????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l
????total 6908
????drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Sep 9 11:46 BACKUP
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1075620 Sep 9 11:47 crossroads-stable.tar.gz
????-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5916085 Sep 9 11:49 EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 42122 Sep 9 11:49 Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 17627 Sep 9 11:46 master.zip
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:48 num.txt
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 Sep 9 11:46 reggea.xspf
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:47 tmp-link
??????? ls -l ????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev/sda1
????brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8?? 1 Sep 9 10:53 /dev/sda1
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev/tty1
????crw-rw---- 1 root tty 4?? 1 Sep 9 10:54 /dev/tty1
??????? dir -l ????????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ dir -l
????total 6908
????drwxr-xr-x 2 tecmint tecmint 4096 Sep 9 11:46 BACKUP
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 1075620 Sep 9 11:47 crossroads-stable.tar.gz
????-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint 5916085 Sep 9 11:49 EDWARD-MAYA-2011-2012-NEW-REMIX.mp3
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 42122 Sep 9 11:49 Linux-Security-Optimization-Book.gif
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 17627 Sep 9 11:46 master.zip
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:48 num.txt
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 0 Sep 9 11:46 reggea.xspf
????-rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 5 Sep 9 11:47 tmp-link
????3. ??????????????????
????????????????????????????? ls??grep ?? wc ????????????????????????ɡ????????????????????????ɡ?
????grep – ??????????????????????????????????
????wc – ????????С????????????
??????????????????
?????? Linux ?У????????÷??? – ?????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^- | wc -l
????7
??????????????
?????? Linux ?У????÷??? d ?????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^d | wc -l
????1
????????????????????????
?????? Linux ?У????????????????÷??? l ?????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l | grep ^l | wc -l
????0
????????????????????????
?????? Linux ?У???????????÷??? b ?? c ?????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev | grep ^b | wc -l
????37
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ ls -l /dev | grep ^c | wc -l
????159
????4. ?? Linux ???в??????
???????????????????? Linux ???в???????Щ??????????? locate??find??whatis ?? which ???
?????? locate ??????????
???????????????У????????λ???е? Samba ?????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ locate samba.conf
????/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/samba.conf
????/var/lib/dpkg/info/samba.conffiles
?????? find ??????????
?????????????? Linux ????? find ???????????????????μ????£??????г??? find ????? 30 ??????????÷?????
?????? whatis ????λ????
????whatis ????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis bash
????bash (1) - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis find
????find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ whatis ls
????ls (1) - list directory contents
?????? which ????λ????
????which ?????????λ??????е????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which mkdir
????/bin/mkdir
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which bash
????/bin/bash
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ which find
????/usr/bin/find
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ $ which ls
????/bin/ls
????5.???? Linux ???????
???????????????У??????? Linux ???????????????????Linux ?????к????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????? Linux ?У????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? date ???
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ date
????Wed Sep 9 12:25:40 IST 2015
???????????????? date -s ?? date -set=“STRING” ?????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date -s "12:27:00"
????Wed Sep 9 12:27:00 IST 2015
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date --set="12:27:00"
????Wed Sep 9 12:27:00 IST 2015
??????????????????????????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo date 090912302015
????Wed Sep 9 12:30:00 IST 2015
??????? cal ??????????в?????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ cal
????September 2015
????Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
????1 2 3 4 5
????6 7 8 9 10 11 12
????13 14 15 16 17 18 19
????20 21 22 23 24 25 26
????27 28 29 30
??????? hwclock ??????????????
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock
????Wednesday 09 September 2015 06:02:58 PM IST -0.200081 seconds
??????????????????????????????? hwclock –set –date=“STRING” ???
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock --set --date="09/09/2015 12:33:00"
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ sudo hwclock
????Wednesday 09 September 2015 12:33:11 PM IST -0.891163 seconds
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? CMOS ??????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
????$ sudo hwclock --hctosys
??????????????????????????????????????????
????$ sudo hwclock --systohc
?????????? Linux ?????????????????????? uptime ???
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime
????12:36:27 up 1:43?? 2 users?? load average: 1.39?? 1.34?? 1.45
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime -p
????up 1 hour?? 43 minutes
????tecmint@tecmint ~/Linux-Tricks $ uptime -s
????2015-09-09 10:52:47
???????
?????????????????? Linux ?е?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч?????????????????????????????????????????????????κη????????????????д???????????????????
??????
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